Ubuntu 24.04/25.04极速安装Docker指南：清华镜像加速

无需科学上网，3分钟完成Docker+Docker Compose部署！ 国内镜像加速让拉取效率提升300%

一、准备工作（必做）

1. 卸载旧版本（避免冲突）

bash

sudo apt remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

2. 启用清华Ubuntu镜像源（加速系统更新）
   ▸ Ubuntu 24.04 (noble)

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

▸ Ubuntu 25.04 (plucky)

sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list <<'EOF'
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ plucky main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ plucky main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ plucky-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ plucky-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ plucky-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ plucky-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ plucky-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ plucky-security main restricted universe multiverse
EOF

3. 执行更新：

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y

二、安装Docker引擎（清华源加速版）

bash

# 安装基础工具
sudo apt install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg

# 添加Docker的GPG密钥（清华镜像）
curl -fsSL https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

# 添加Docker仓库（国内源）
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# 安装Docker
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin

✅ 验证安装：docker –version 输出类似 Docker version 26.1.4 即成功

⚙️ 三、安装Docker Compose（两种方式任选）

▸ 方法1：官方插件安装（推荐）

bash

sudo apt install -y docker-compose-plugin
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/usr/libexec/docker/cli-plugins"' >> ~/.bashrc  # 添加环境变量
source ~/.bashrc

▸ 方法2：二进制安装（兼容旧项目）

bash

# 下载最新版（自动获取版本）
COMPOSE_VERSION=$(curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/docker/compose/releases/latest | grep 'tag_name' | cut -d '"' -f 4)
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/${COMPOSE_VERSION}/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

✅ 验证：docker compose version 输出 Docker Compose version v2.26.1

四、性能调优（加速+稳定性）

1. 配置Docker镜像加速器
   创建配置文件：

bash

sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.m.daocloud.io","https://swr.cn-south-1.myhuaweicloud.com"],
  "dns": ["223.5.5.5", "8.8.8.8"],
  "max-concurrent-downloads": 10,
  "max-download-attempts": 5,
  "shutdown-timeout": 180  
}
EOF

重启生效：

bash

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker

2. 允许普通用户操作Docker

bash

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker  # 立即生效（无需重启）

⚠️ 注意：生产环境提议谨慎使用此权限

五、验证与测试

bash

# 运行测试容器
docker run --rm hello-world

# 检查容器状态
docker ps -a  # 应显示刚退出的hello-world容器

预期输出：Hello from Docker! 说明全套环境部署成功

️ 六、常见问题速查

终极提示：本文方案将拉取镜像速度从KB级提升至MB级，尤其适合国内云服务器环境。Docker的容器化能力正彻底改变开发部署流程——从环境配置到生产上线，效率提升90%不再是空谈！

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